What must happen if the original captain resigns before the voyage?

• A. The new captain must ratify the previous bills of lading.
• B. The cargo must be returned to the sender.
• C. A new set of bills of lading must be issued.
• D. The old captain retains liability for the cargo.

Answer: (A)

The situation involves the transition of leadership aboard a vessel when the original captain resigns before a voyage. In maritime law, the bills of lading serve as crucial documents that establish the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier. When a new captain assumes responsibility, it is essential for this new captain to ratify any previous bills of lading that were issued under the original captain's authority.

This ratification signifies the new captain's agreement to honor the commitments and terms laid out in those bills of lading, thus ensuring a seamless continuation of the voyage and maintaining the legal protections and obligations related to the cargo. Without this ratification, there could be confusion regarding responsibilities and liabilities concerning the goods, which could potentially lead to disputes among parties involved in the shipping process.

Choosing this option reflects an understanding of the continuity of contracts in maritime operations, ensuring that the obligations concerning the cargo are upheld despite the change in command.