TITLE III – Special Contracts of Maritime Commerce Practice Test

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• What rights do passengers have if a delay exceeds 10 days?
• What is the freight payment rule for merchandise that is jettisoned for safety?
• In maritime terms, what is freight?
• What is a duplicate bill of lading?
• If the ship becomes unseaworthy during the voyage, what must the captain do?
• If the ship is chartered to pick up cargo at another port, what must the captain do?
• What happens if the voyage is interrupted after departure?
• What must be done if there are disputes over cargo claims?
• What occurs if the charterer brings more cargo than agreed upon?
• What happens if the suspension is due to accident or force majeure?
• If a ship encounters extreme weather conditions during a voyage, what is the best course of action?
• What must a shipowner do to ensure a loan is effective against third parties?
• Which aspect determines if a captain's loan obligations affect other owners?
• What action can the captain take if the consignee cannot be found or refuses the cargo?
• What happens when the original lender transfers a bond?
• Who must sign the charter party for it to be valid?
• What should the captain do if the ship is not seaworthy at the commencement of the voyage?
• What accrues legal interest if loan repayment is delayed?
• If cargo is damaged due to its own defects, what happens to the freight payment?
• What is the implication of early unloading by the charterer?
• What occurs if cargo may spoil during repairs?
• What happens if the vessel goes to an alternative port specified in the charterer's instructions?
• What is the repayment limitation if a vessel sinks?
• What must be compensated if the charterer fails to ship the agreed amount?
• What is the consequence of a delay of less than 30 days in unloading?
• What happens to the interest on delayed payment based on Article 736?
• What items can loans be secured on?
• What is required for a vessel replacement if three-fifths loaded according to Article 671?
• What is the consequence of a captain voluntarily delaying the ship's departure?
• What is defined as a written contract between the ship owner and the charterer?
• Who is liable for losses if illegal cargo is shipped?
• Which details must be included in the contents of the charter party?
• What happens if a bill of lading is lost?
• What must a captain do if a new bill of lading is requested?
• What happens if the consignee delays the captain's accounting?
• What is the outcome if a passenger leaves without permission?
• What term describes the amount paid for transporting cargo?
• What happens if a ship throws part of its cargo overboard during a storm?
• What does the term barratry refer to in relation to maritime loans?
• What is a potential consequence of barratry in maritime contracts?
• What is the freight payment rule if the ship is lost?
• What is the obligation of a passenger who misses the boarding time?
• What occurs if the goods are sold to collect debts?
• When cargo exceeds the ship's capacity, who pays for the losses associated with that excess cargo?
• What does Article 667 in maritime law discuss?
• What is the role of the consignee in relation to the bill of lading?
• What must happen if the original captain resigns before the voyage?
• What must heirs pay if a passenger dies before the voyage?
• What is the liability if the ship was not fit to sail when receiving cargo?
• What is referred to as extra payment made to the captain for special services?
• What does the exclusivity of a chartered vessel imply for the captain?
• What happens if a ship is sold before loading starts?
• Is the captain obligated to detour the ship for passengers' convenience?
• When shipping different goods than agreed upon, what is the consequence for the charterer?
• What is the focus of Article 668?
• What happens if a passenger does not arrive on time or leaves the ship without the captain's permission?
• What happens if the ticket price is not agreed upon?
• How do lenders contribute to averages in maritime loans?
• What is a bill of lading?
• What happens if a lender discovers fraudulent inflation of collateral value?
• What must the ship's capacity in a charter party match?
• What happens to natural growth or increase in cargo during transit?
• What must a charterer pay if vessel capacity or flag errors occur?
• What is the responsibility of the consignee after cargo delivery?
• What happens if primage is included in the contract?
• What rights does the transferee acquire when a bill of lading is transferred?
• What is the requirement for a loan taken by a captain at the owners' residence?
• In maritime law, what does the principle of general average entail?
• What is the penalty for a charterer if the cargo is not placed alongside the ship by the end of the agreed lay days?
• What occurs if the ship cannot sail temporarily due to closed ports?
• What are the losses and damages a charterer is liable for in case of early unloading?
• What can a charterer do regarding subchartering the vessel?
• How is the salvaged value divided between a lender and an insurer?
• What does 'excess loans and fraud' mean in maritime law?
• What authority does the captain have regarding cargo if it is necessary to cover costs?
• What happens if the captain signs the charter party without permission?
• What must the captain do if he does not receive instructions in time?
• What must a captain do if they borrow money for goods but do not use all of it?
• What is a loan in kind?
• What is the status of the broker's registry if the signatures on the charter party do not match?
• How many true copies of the bill of lading must be made?
• What happens if the cargo is lost after a bond is recorded?
• If the cargo suffers losses while en route, which entity is generally responsible for those costs?
• What happens if a vessel is not ready on time?
• What compensation is owed if a voyage is interrupted due to an accident?
• What is the consequence of a captain borrowing without owner authorization?
• What happens if a loan is secured on a specific cargo crate?
• Which entity typically cannot legally represent the ship owner or charterer if they cannot sign the charter party?
• What compensation do passengers receive if the voyage is suspended due to the captain's fault?
• What is the liability of the consignee if they refuse to accept cargo?
• What action can a shipper take if the freighter refuses to sign the bill of lading?
• What happens if the legitimate holder of a bill of lading does not present it before unloading?
• If a captain secures a loan, what is the mechanism for handling the unused funds?
• How many copies are required for a charter party?
• What happens if a passenger dies during the voyage?
• What is the result of a declaration of war or trade ban with the destination country?
• What are lay days in maritime contracts?
• What is the definition of a bill of lading?
• What is the primary responsibility of cargo during the first 20 days after delivery?
• What rights does a person who receives a bill of lading hold?
• In the event that a passenger's luggage is damaged due to a storm, what is the captain's liability?
• What is the penalty called if a ship exceeds its allowed lay days?
• What must a charterer pay if they request early unloading?
• What is the captain entitled to if the voyage is partially canceled during the voyage?
• What is one of the rights of the captain regarding a passenger's goods?
• What happens if a vessel is delayed for more than 30 days?
• What must a freighter pay to unload before the voyage?
• What is the consequence of not having a written loan agreement?
• What happens if a consignee delays returning the bill of lading?
• What restriction does Article 671 impose regarding replacing a vessel?
• What is the condition for abandoning liquids that leak out?
• What does a charter party typically specify regarding the ship?
• If the freight received is insufficient to cover three-fifths of the ship's capacity, what must the charterer do?
• What happens if multiple conflicting bills of lading are presented?
• What happens if freight is paid before the charter party is signed?
• What are the consequences if a ship cannot navigate due to circumstances not caused by the captain?
• What must a captain do before departing if they have not used the full borrowed amount?
• What is the implication of a loan secured on the ship's hull?
• What occurs if there are conflicting claims on cargo?
• What is the liability of cargo for freight and expenses?
• What happens to the captain's personal liability when borrowing for goods?
• What is the role of the agent when checking cargo?
• In the event of barratry, what is primarily at risk regarding the loan?
• If the owner or captain carries more cargo than the ship can accommodate, what is their obligation?
• If the charter party does not state loading/unloading time, what applies?
• What must occur to unused loan funds before departure?
• What must passengers do during a departure delay?
• Who must authorize a captain's loan for it to affect other owners?
• How can bills of lading issued to order be transferred?
• What must the captain do when selling merchandise at sea?
• What is the priority of loans made during a voyage?
• What must be returned if a captain borrows money but does not use the full amount?
• What restrictions are placed on loans according to regulations?
• In the case of a ship sinking, what determines salvage costs?
• What is the role of authorization by owners concerning the captain's financial obligations?
• When is the captain liable for damage to a passenger's goods?
• What is the effect of a captain borrowing money at the owners' residence?
• What rights does a lender have when a loan is secured against a specific crate?
• What is the legal consequence of a loan being secured by inflated collateral?
• In the context of maritime commerce, which of the following best defines 'legal interest'?
• What is the significance of loans made during a voyage?
• What does Article 678 establish about liability during delays?
• When does freight payment start for charters by months or days?
• How can bills of lading issued to bearer be transferred?
• What can the captain do if costs are too high compared to the cargo's value?
• How can bonds be transferred?
• What happens if unforeseen major events occur before the vessel leaves port?
• What information must a bond include according to Article 721?
• What must the captain provide if maintenance is not included in the ticket?
• What compensation is owed if the interruption is caused by the captain?
• What should the captain do if war breaks out during the voyage?
• What must a captain do before securing a loan for a ship?
• Can a captain change the cargo's destination on their own?
• What does Article 675 require regarding cargo not delivered to another port?
• What is required for a captain to issue a new bill of lading?
• What does Article 736 state about interest on delayed payment?
• What does Article 679 allow regarding subchartering?
• What liability does a cargo hold if no instructions are given to the captain, according to Article 678?
• According to Article 670, what happens when a vessel is substituted?
• If the charter party does not specify the loading/unloading time, what can the captain do?
• If a captain incurs expenses related to the cargo, what is the cargo liable for?
• Under what conditions can a charterer annul a charter party?
• What responsibility does the captain have in cargo delivery, per Article 675?
• What defines the duration of risk for loans?
• For a bill of lading to be legally valid, what is required?
• If a passenger agrees to wait for repairs after a ship is disabled, what can the captain claim?
• What is the freight liability when the charterer does not ship the full cargo?
• Regarding loans taken by a captain, what does 'principal' refer to?
• What is a loan on bottomry?
• What is the legal interest rate applicable if a loan is delayed?
• If the ship arrives safely after selling cargo, what must the captain pay?
• What term describes the maximum time allowed for the completion of loading/unloading?
• What is the method for resolving disputes when there is no broker and signatures are not acknowledged?
• If one party cannot sign the charter party, what is the alternative?
• What must be done if cargo is damaged by inherent defects or accidents?
• Can a passenger transfer their ticket to someone else under Article 695?
• What are the legal requirements for loans on bottomry?
• What must the consignee do immediately after cargo is unloaded?
• What must a charterer pay if they cancel before loading?
• What is the effect of delivering a bill of lading?
• What is the refund policy if a trip is canceled due to a storm?